<h3>Overview</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Valves do not open fully (stenosis) </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Valves do not close fully (regurgitation) </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Blood flow / Cardiac output is jeopardized</li>
</ol>
<h6>Pathophysiology: There are different valvular disorders. The vales might not fully open, which means the blood can not get through the valve fully to continue moving forward. Valves might not close completely, which causes blood to regurge and move back instead of forward.</h6>
Nursing Points
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">General</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Valve Disorders
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mitral Valve Stenosis
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Doesn’t open completely</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Diastolic murmur</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mitral Valve Regurgitation
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Doesn’t close completely</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Systolic murmur</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Aortic Valve Stenosis
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Doesn’t open completely</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Systolic murmur</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Aortic Valve Regurgitation
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Doesn’t close completely</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Diastolic murmur</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Identifying Murmurs
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mnemonic = TPMA (Toilet Paper My Ass)
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">T= Tricuspid Valve
<ol style="padding-left: 60px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Closed during Systole (S1)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Open during Diastole (S2)</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">P= Pulmonic Valve
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li>Open during Systole (S1)</li>
<li>Closed during Diastole (S2)</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">M= Mitral Valve
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li>Closed during Systole (S1)</li>
<li>Open during Diastole (S2)</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A= Aortic Valve
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li>Open during Systole (S1)</li>
<li>Closed during Diastole (S2)</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Hear a murmur?
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li>Identify location</li>
<li>Is it S1 or S2?</li>
<li>Should it be closed or open?
<ol style="padding-left: 60px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li>Should be closed = regurgitation</li>
<li>Should be opened = Stenosis</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Causes
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Rheumatic Fever</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Endocarditis
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Vegetation / Damage</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Congenital</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Cardiomyopathy
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Pulls papillary muscles</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Trauma</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">Assessment</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Identifying murmurs
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Is it Systolic (S1) or Diastolic (S2)?</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Which valve is it?
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Aortic &#8211; 2nd ICS RSB</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Pulmonic &#8211; 2nd ICS LSB</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Tricuspid &#8211; 3rd ICS LSB</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mitral &#8211; 5th ICS MCL</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">What should the valve be doing?
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">If should be open &#8211; stenosis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">If should be closed &#8211; regurgitation</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sudden Onset New Murmur
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mitral Valve Prolapse (regurgitation)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Papillary Muscle Rupture (mitral or tricuspid regurgitation)</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">Therapeutic Management</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Balloon valvuloplasty &#8211; repair for stenosis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Valve repair &#8211; prolapse or papillary muscle rupture</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Valve replacement
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mechanical: lifetime anticoagulant therapy indicated</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Biological: valve from other species</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Post-Op
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor hemodynamics</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor for s/s bleeding</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Patient Education</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Post-Op Valve Replacement
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Maintain good oral hygiene with soft bristle toothbrush</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Prophylactic antibiotics required prior to invasive procedures</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Instruct client on anticoagulant therapy</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid dental procedures for 6 months
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">High risk endocarditis</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>

Med-Surg | Cardiac

04-03-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-valve-disorders

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Valve Disorders

In this course, you'll be able to learn different mnemonics that will help you to remember the need to know nursing information!

nursing-mnemonics-cram

Aortic Aneurysm – Management Nursing Mnemonic (CRAM)

nursing-mnemonics-pee-bads

Aortic Aneurysm – Thoracic signs Nursing Mnemonic (PEE BADS)

nursing-mnemonics-sad

Aortic Stenosis Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SAD)

nursing-mnemonics-be-joan-of-arc

Bacterial Endocarditis – Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Be Joan Of Arc)

nursing-mnemonics-toilet-paper-my-ass

Cardiac Valves Blood Flow Nursing Mnemonic (Toilet Paper my Ass)

nursing-mnemonics-the-5-ps

Circulatory Checks (5 P’s) Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 P’s)

nursing-mnemonics-i-have-a-right-to-camp-if-you-left-off-the-ac

Coronary Arteries – Location Nursing Mnemonic (I have a RIGHT to CAMP if you LEFT off the AC)

nursing-mnemonics-please-read-his-text

Cor Pulmonale – Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Please Read His Text)

nursing-mnemonics-unload-fast

CHF Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (UNLOAD FAST)

nursing-mnemonics-the-4-ts

Cyanotic Defects Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 T’s)

nursing-mnemonics-chop

Heart Failure-Left-Sided Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP)

nursing-mnemonics-left-lung-right-rest

Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)

nursing-mnemonics-head

Heart Failure – Right Sided Nursing Mnemonic (HEAD)

nursing-mnemonics-ape-to-man

Heart Sounds Nursing Mnemonic (APE To Man – All People Enjoy Time Magazine)

nursing-mnemonics-the-4-cs

Hypertension- Complications Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 C’s)

nursing-mnemonics-diuretic

Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)

nursing-mnemonics-vak

Increase MAP Nursing Mnemonic (VAK)

nursing-mnemonics-hard-ass-mrs-msd

Murmur locations Nursing Mnemonic (hARD ASS MRS. MSD)

nursing-mnemonics-tv-sparc-cube

Shock – Signs and symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TV SPARC CUBE)

nursing-mnemonics-his-leg-might-fall-off

Vascular Disease – Deep Vein Thrombosis Nursing Mnemonic (HIS Leg Might Fall off)

nursing-mnemonics-cold-hand

Vascular disease – Raynaud’s symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (COLD HAND)

nursing-mnemonics-triple-h-therapy

Vasospasm Therapy Nursing Mnemonic (Triple H Therapy)

Cardiovascular (Cardiac, CVD) Mnemonics

nursing-mnemonics-kult

Anion Gap Acidosis 1 Nursing Mnemonic (KULT)

nursing-mnemonics-mudpiles

Anion Gap Acidosis 2 Nursing Mnemonic (MUDPILES)

nursing-mnemonics-rome

Arterial Blood Gases Nursing Mnemonic (ROME)

nursing-mnemonics-universally-odd

Blood Type O Nursing Mnemonic (Universally Odd)

nursing-mnemonics-piso

Electrolytes – Location in Body Nursing Mnemonic (PISO)

nursing-mnemonics-groans-moans-bones-stones-overtones

Hypercalcemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES)

nursing-mnemonics-machine

Hyperkalemia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MACHINE)

nursing-mnemonics-dry-hot-insulin-shot

Hyperglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Dry and Hot – Insulin Shot)

nursing-mnemonics-aired

Hyperkalemia – Management Nursing Mnemonic (AIRED)

nursing-mnemonics-murder

Hyperkalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Murder)

nursing-mnemonics-model

Hypernatremia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MODEL)

nursing-mnemonics-salt

Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SALT)

nursing-mnemonics-cats

Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)

nursing-mnemonics-tired

Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)

nursing-mnemonics-6-ls

Hypokalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (6 L’s)

nursing-mnemonics-salt-loss

Hyponatremia- Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SALT LOSS)

nursing-mnemonics-all-dogs-eat-kibble

Vitamins – Fat Soluble Nursing Mnemonic (All Dogs Eat Kibble)

nursing-mnemonics-birth-control

Vitamins – Water Soluble Nursing Mnemonic (Birth Control)

Electrolytes & Labs Mnemonics

nursing-mnemonics-batted

ADLs (Activity of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (BATTED)

nursing-mnemonics-beep

Bleeding Complications (Minor) Nursing Mnemonic (BEEP)

nursing-mnemonics-mr-dice-runs

Mnemonic for Organ Systems (MR DICE RUNS)

nursing-mnemonics-randi

Bleeding Precautions Nursing Mnemonic (RANDI)

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Canes Nursing Mnemonic (COAL)

nursing-mnemonics-clpn

Caring Licensed Practical Nurse Nursing Mnemonic (CLPN)

nursing-mnemonics-cho-cho-chon

CHO, CHO, CHON Nursing Mnemonic (CHO, CHO, CHON)

nursing-mnemonics-map-it

Community Health Tool Nursing Mnemonic (MAP-IT)

nursing-mnemonics-i-prepare

Environmental Health Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (I PREPARE)

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Exercise Guidelines Nursing Mnemonic (FIT)

nursing-mnemonics-pass

Fire Safety 1 Nursing Mnemonic (PASS)

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Fire Safety 2 Nursing Mnemonic (RACE)

nursing-mnemonics-brow

Gluten Free Diet Nursing Mnemonic (BROW)

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High Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Kings Eat Big Cakes)

nursing-mnemonics-scum

IADLS (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (SCUM)

nursing-mnemonics-never-carry-dirty-socks-or-smelly-clothes

Levels of consciousness Nursing Mnemonic (Never Carry Dirty Socks Or Smelly Clothes)

nursing-mnemonics-cake-everyday

Low Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Cake Everyday)

nursing-mnemonics-opqrst

Pain Assessment Questions Nursing Mnemonic (OPQRST)

nursing-mnemonics-precede-proceed

Planning Community Health Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (PRECEDE-PROCEED)

nursing-mnemonics-pooper-scoop

Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)

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Pupil Reactions Nursing Mnemonic (PERRLA)

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Safety Check Nursing Mnemonic (MADLE)

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SBAR Communication Nursing Mnemonic (SBAR)

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Steps In The Nursing Process 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SOAPIE)

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Stoke Assessments Nursing Mnemonic (FAST)

nursing-mnemonics-adpie-a-delicious-pie

Steps in the Nursing Process 1 Nursing Mnemonic (ADPIE)

nursing-mnemonics-aapie-an-apple-pie

Steps in the Nursing Process 2 Nursing Mnemonic (AAPIE)

nursing-mnemonics-abcdefghi

Trauma – Assessment (Emergency) Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFGHI)

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Trauma – Complications Nursing Mnemonic (TRAUMATIC)

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Trauma Surgery – Medical History Nursing Mnemonic (AMPLE)

nursing-mnemonics-start

Triage Nursing Mnemonic (START)

nursing-mnemonics-wandering-wilma-always-late

Walkers Nursing Mnemonic (Wandering Wilma Always Late)

old-carts

OLD CARTS Mnemonic (OLD CARTS)

Fundamentals & Nursing Process Mnemonics

nursing-mnemonics-anorexia

Anorexia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANOREXIA)

nursing-mnemonics-pains

Appendicitis – Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)

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Bulimia – Signs and Symptoms 1 Nursing Mnemonic (BULIMIA)

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Bulimia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (WASHED)

nursing-mnemonics-christmas

Crohn’s Morphology and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CHRISTMAS)

nursing-mnemonics-please-bring-happy-energy

Cirrhosis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Bring Happy Energy)

nursing-mnemonics-bad-hits

Causes of Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (BAD HITS)

nursing-mnemonics-brat

Diarrhea – Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (BRAT)

nursing-mnemonics-please-fix-his-abscess-soon

Diverticulitis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Fix His Abscess SOon)

nursing-mnemonics-air-raid

Epiglottitis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (AIR RAID)

nursing-mnemonics-reflux-is-probably-mean

GERD causes Nursing Mnemonic (Reflux Is Probably Mean)

nursing-mnemonics-her-belly-really-hurts-following-dinner

Hiatal Hernia Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Her Belly Really Hurts Following Dinner)

nursing-mnemonics-5-fs

Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis Nursing Mnemonic (5-F’s)

nursing-mnemonics-the-3-cs

Tracheal Esophageal Fistula – Sign and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 C’s)

Murmur locations Nursing Mnemonic (hARD ASS MRS. MSD)

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hARD ASS MRS. MSD

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Nursing Mnemonics

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