<h5>Pathophysiology: With DIC there is an overactivation in the clotting cascade. The body clots and bleeds, clots, and bleeds and eventually there are not enough clots left and severe bleeding occurs.</h5>
Overview
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Also known as “Consumption Coagulopathy”</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Widespread activation of the clotting cascade 
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Results in the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels systemically</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Normal clotting is disrupted </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clotting Factors are used up</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Severe bleeding and massive hemorrhage occurs</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Nursing Points</h3>
<h4>General</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Risk Factors &#8211; anything that initiates the clotting cascade (it can overreact)
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Postpartum </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Recent Surgery or Traumatic Injury</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sepsis or Septic Shock</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Liver Disease</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Assessment</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Pallor</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Ecchymosis
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Petechiae</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Purpura</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hematomas</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hemoptysis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hematemesis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Melena</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Occult blood in stool</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hematuria</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Abnormal Labs
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Prolonged aPTT, PT, and thrombin time</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↓ Platelets</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dyspnea</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Chest pain</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Anxiety</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Confusion</li>
</ol>
<h4>Therapeutic Management</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Determine and treat underlying cause immediately</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Replace clotting factors
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Fresh Frozen Plasma</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin K</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Factor VII</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Administer Heparin drip if excessive clotting
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Stop consumption of clotting factors</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Initiate bleeding precautions</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor I&amp;O</li>
</ol>
<h4>Nursing Concepts</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clotting
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding precautions</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">NO invasive procedures unless medically necessary
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">IV starts, NG Tube, Foley</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Central Lines</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Assess all current lines for bleeding</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor for signs of bleeding from ANYWHERE (eyes, ears, nose, gums, any wounds, etc.)</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Perfusion
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor hemodynamics for possible hypovolemic shock</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Patient Education</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding precautions
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">No straight blade razors &#8211; electric only</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Soft-bristle toothbrush</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Report bleeding to provider</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid injury/falls</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Do NOT take Aspirin or other anticoagulants without permission from primary care provider</li>
</ol>

Med-Surg | Hematology / Oncology / Immunology

01-04-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-dic

01.04 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

<h3>Overview</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A very serious condition that is caused by an issue with the clotting cascade
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Occurs in postpartum patients due to activation of the clotting cascade after birth/separation of placenta</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Please view full explanation of DIC in our Hematology/Oncology/Immunology course</li>
</ol>
<h3>Nursing Points</h3>
<h4>General</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clots form rapidly and extensively, completely depleting clotting factors</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Severe hemorrhage results (eyes, ears, nares, rectum, and so forth)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Patients bleed from all orifices and various vascular occlusion of organs also result</li>
</ol>
<h4>Assessment</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Presents like sepsis / shock</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Lots of bleeding from literally everywhere</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Microclots – petechiae, purpura</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Labs
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Decreased:  Hematocrit, fibrinogen, platelets</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Increased:  PT, PTT, clotting time, fibrin degradation products (FDPs)</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Therapeutic Management</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Draw labs (CBC, coagulation studies, metabolic panels)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Watch for bleeding</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Support hemodynamics</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Administer fluid replacements, blood products, and heparin as ordered
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor for complications with administering them</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor for kidney failure</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Possibly prepare patient for hysterectomy</li>
</ol>
<h4>Nursing Concepts</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clotting</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Perfusion</li>
</ol>
<h3>Patient Education</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Education on what is happening</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Symptoms to report for hysterectomy or blood transfusion if they occur</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; width: 100%;background:white;border-radius:4px;padding:20px">
 <center>
 Want to learn more? View a suggested lesson<h4 style="margin: 10px;"><a href="https://admin.nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-dic/" style="text-decoration:none;">Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)</a></h4></center>
 </div>

OB (Maternal Newborn)

disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-dic

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Pathophysiology: This can occur for either unknown reasons or autoimmune. Platelets are destroyed by the body (autoimmune) or are decreased for unknown reasons. 
 
Overview
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Decrease in circulating platelets (&lt;100,000/mL)
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Often far less before treatment  (&lt;40,000/mL)</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Nursing Points</h3>
<h4>General</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Causes
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Decreased production
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Aplastic Anemia</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Increased destruction
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Autoimmune Disorders</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Medication induced
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Heparin-Induced</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Assessment</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Abnormal Labs
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↓ Platelet count</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↓ Hgb, Hct</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor CBC</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Petechiae</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Epistaxis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">GI bleeding
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hematemesis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Melena</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Occult blood in stool</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hematuria</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hemoptysis</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Therapeutic Management</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Platelet transfusions</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding precautions
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid invasive procedures</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Soft bristled toothbrush</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid medications that interfere with coagulation (i.e. Aspirin, Heparin)</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Diagnosis made via bone marrow aspiration</li>
</ol>
<h4>Nursing Concepts</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clotting
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor for signs of bleeding</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Educate patient on bleeding precautions</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">NO invasive procedures unless medically necessary
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">IV starts, NG Tube, Foley</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Central Lines</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Assess all current lines for bleeding</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Patient Education</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding precautions
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">No straight blade razors &#8211; electric only</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Soft-bristle toothbrush</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Report bleeding to provider</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid injury/falls</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Do NOT take Aspirin or other anticoagulants without permission from primary care provider</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; width: 100%;background:white;border-radius:4px;padding:20px">
 <center>
 Want to learn more? View a suggested lesson<h4 style="margin: 10px;"><a href="https://admin.nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-thrombocytopenia/" style="text-decoration:none;">Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombocytopenia</a></h4></center>
 </div>

thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia

<h6>Pathophysiology: Cirrhosis is late state liver fibrosis. It causes the normal blood flow to slow through the liver. This increases the pressure in the vein that carried blood from the intestines and spleen to the liver. This increased pressure in the portal vein will cause fluid to back up and accumulate in the legs and abdomen.</h6>
Overview
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Chronic, irreversible liver disease</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation and fibrosis of liver cells (hepatocytes) leads to formation of scar tissue within liver which causes obstruction of hepatic blood flow and impedes proper liver function</li>
</ol>
<h3>Nursing Points</h3>
<h4>General</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Impaired Liver Function
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Impaired protein metabolism</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Increased drug toxicity</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↓ Coagulation factors</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↑ Ammonia levels</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↑ Bilirubin levels</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↑ LFT’s (ALT, AST, ALP)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Impaired blood sugar regulation</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Complications
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hepatic Encephalopathy
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↑ Ammonia causes edema in cerebral tissue</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding Risk
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↓ Clotting factors</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Portal Hypertension
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Obstruction of blood flow increases pressure in portal vein</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Backs up into GI circulation</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Esophageal Varices
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dilated, thin veins in esophagus due to portal hypertension</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Can rupture → bleed</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Life-threatening emergency</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Assessment</h4>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Malaise &amp; general fatigue</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Anorexia</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↑ Bilirubin levels
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Jaundice with scleral icterus</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dark urine</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clay-colored stools</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Impaired protein metabolism
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Edema</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Ascites (positive fluid wave test)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↑ Ammonia → Hepatic encephalopathy
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Disorientation</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Altered LOC</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Asterixis (flapping hand tremor)</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Pain in RUQ</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hepatomegaly</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Splenomegaly</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Portal hypertension
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hemorrhoids</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Varicose Veins</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Esophageal varices
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Massive GI bleed</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Vomiting blood</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Impaired Coagulation
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Anemia</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bruising easily</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Therapeutic Management</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Medications
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Analgesics</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin K for clotting factors</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Antacids to ↓ irritation on esophagus</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Lactulose to decrease ammonia levels</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Blood products if bleeding</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Diuretics to remove fluid</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Paracentesis to drain abdominal fluid</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dietary Restrictions
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Fluid restriction</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↓ Protein intake</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">↓ Na intake</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Esophageal Varices
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Endoscopy → cauterize, clip, or band varices to prevent bleeding</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sengstaken-Blakemore OR Minnesota tube &#8211; balloon inflated in esophagus to put pressure on bleeding varices</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Nursing Concepts</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">GI/Liver Metabolism
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Elevate HOB for comfort and to ↓ SOB</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Administer medications as appropriate</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clotting
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Institute bleeding precautions</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor coagulation studies</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Fluid &amp; Electrolyte
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dietary Restrictions</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor daily weights</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Patient Education</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Do NOT drink alcohol</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid overuse of Acetaminophen</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Report any s/s bleeding to provider</li>
</ol>
<h3>Related Lesson</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-cirrhosis-liver/">Nursing Care Plan for Cirrhosis</a></li>
</ul>

Med-Surg | Gastrointestinal

03-04-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-cirrhosis-liver-disease-hepatic-encephalopathy-portal-hypertension-esophageal-varices

03.04 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)

<h3>Overview</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Impairment of the body’s ability to control blood clotting due to deficiency in specific clotting proteins.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">X-linked recessive disorder (hereditary disorder)
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Carrier females pass to male</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Nursing Points</h3>
<h4>General</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Types
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hemophilia A (deficiency of factor VIII)
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Most common: 1 in 5,000-10,000 male births</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">80% of hemophilia cases </li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hemophilia B (deficiency of factor IX)
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">1 in 20,000 – 34,000 male births</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hemophilia C (deficiency of factor XI)
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Less predictable, more complicated to treat</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clotting Cascade
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Missing coagulation factors prevent fibrin formation</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hemophiliacs do not bleed more intensely 
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">They bleed for a longer time</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Assessment</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Spontaneous bleeding &#8211; “bleeds”
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Epistaxis (nosebleed)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Prolonged bleeding to trauma</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Frequent bruising</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Most common &#8211; Hemarthrosis
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding into joints</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Look for swelling, warmth &amp; redness </li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Not to miss! 
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bleeding in the brain
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Visual changes</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Headaches</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Change in LOC </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Slurred speech </li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">GI Bleed 
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hematemesis &#8211; throwing up blood</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Melena &#8211; black stools = upper GI bleed. </li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Normal PT and thrombin time, prolonged PTT</li>
</ol>
<h4>Therapeutic Management</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Goal of Therapy
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Replace missing clotting factors</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Prevent bleeding </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Prevent long term problems with joints</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monitor child for signs of bleeding</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Medications
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Replace the missing factor 
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Slow IV push </li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">DDAVP
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Increases the body’s production of clotting factor</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Useful in mild hemophilia A only</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Rapid treatment at home is best
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Parents learn to give clotting factors &#8211; IV push (usually via central line) </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Children can learn to self administer- 8-12 years.  </li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Nursing Concepts</h4>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Clotting</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Oxygenation</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Safety</li>
</ol>
<h3>Patient Education</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Educate parents on child safety
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Protective clothing</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avoidance of contact sports</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
&nbsp;
<div style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; width: 100%;background:white;border-radius:4px;padding:20px">
 <center>
 Want to learn more? View a suggested lesson<h4 style="margin: 10px;"><a href="https://admin.nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-hemophilia/" style="text-decoration:none;">Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hemophilia</a></h4></center>
 </div>

Pediatrics

hemophilia

Hemophilia

In this course, you'll be able to learn different mnemonics that will help you to remember the need to know nursing information!

nursing-mnemonics-cram

Aortic Aneurysm – Management Nursing Mnemonic (CRAM)

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Aortic Aneurysm – Thoracic signs Nursing Mnemonic (PEE BADS)

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Aortic Stenosis Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SAD)

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Bacterial Endocarditis – Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Be Joan Of Arc)

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Cardiac Valves Blood Flow Nursing Mnemonic (Toilet Paper my Ass)

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Circulatory Checks (5 P’s) Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 P’s)

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Coronary Arteries – Location Nursing Mnemonic (I have a RIGHT to CAMP if you LEFT off the AC)

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Cor Pulmonale – Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Please Read His Text)

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CHF Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (UNLOAD FAST)

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Cyanotic Defects Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 T’s)

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Heart Failure-Left-Sided Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP)

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Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)

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Heart Failure – Right Sided Nursing Mnemonic (HEAD)

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Heart Sounds Nursing Mnemonic (APE To Man – All People Enjoy Time Magazine)

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Hypertension- Complications Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 C’s)

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Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)

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Increase MAP Nursing Mnemonic (VAK)

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Murmur locations Nursing Mnemonic (hARD ASS MRS. MSD)

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Shock – Signs and symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TV SPARC CUBE)

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Vascular Disease – Deep Vein Thrombosis Nursing Mnemonic (HIS Leg Might Fall off)

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Vascular disease – Raynaud’s symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (COLD HAND)

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Vasospasm Therapy Nursing Mnemonic (Triple H Therapy)

Cardiovascular (Cardiac, CVD) Mnemonics

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Anion Gap Acidosis 1 Nursing Mnemonic (KULT)

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Anion Gap Acidosis 2 Nursing Mnemonic (MUDPILES)

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Arterial Blood Gases Nursing Mnemonic (ROME)

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Blood Type O Nursing Mnemonic (Universally Odd)

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Electrolytes – Location in Body Nursing Mnemonic (PISO)

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Hypercalcemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES)

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Hyperkalemia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MACHINE)

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Hyperglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Dry and Hot – Insulin Shot)

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Hyperkalemia – Management Nursing Mnemonic (AIRED)

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Hyperkalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Murder)

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Hypernatremia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MODEL)

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Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SALT)

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Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)

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Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)

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Hypokalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (6 L’s)

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Hyponatremia- Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SALT LOSS)

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Vitamins – Fat Soluble Nursing Mnemonic (All Dogs Eat Kibble)

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Vitamins – Water Soluble Nursing Mnemonic (Birth Control)

Electrolytes & Labs Mnemonics

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ADLs (Activity of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (BATTED)

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Bleeding Complications (Minor) Nursing Mnemonic (BEEP)

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Mnemonic for Organ Systems (MR DICE RUNS)

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Bleeding Precautions Nursing Mnemonic (RANDI)

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Canes Nursing Mnemonic (COAL)

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Caring Licensed Practical Nurse Nursing Mnemonic (CLPN)

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CHO, CHO, CHON Nursing Mnemonic (CHO, CHO, CHON)

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Community Health Tool Nursing Mnemonic (MAP-IT)

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Environmental Health Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (I PREPARE)

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Exercise Guidelines Nursing Mnemonic (FIT)

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Fire Safety 1 Nursing Mnemonic (PASS)

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Fire Safety 2 Nursing Mnemonic (RACE)

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Gluten Free Diet Nursing Mnemonic (BROW)

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High Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Kings Eat Big Cakes)

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IADLS (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (SCUM)

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Levels of consciousness Nursing Mnemonic (Never Carry Dirty Socks Or Smelly Clothes)

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Low Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Cake Everyday)

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Pain Assessment Questions Nursing Mnemonic (OPQRST)

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Planning Community Health Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (PRECEDE-PROCEED)

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Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)

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Pupil Reactions Nursing Mnemonic (PERRLA)

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Safety Check Nursing Mnemonic (MADLE)

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SBAR Communication Nursing Mnemonic (SBAR)

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Steps In The Nursing Process 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SOAPIE)

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Stoke Assessments Nursing Mnemonic (FAST)

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Steps in the Nursing Process 1 Nursing Mnemonic (ADPIE)

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Steps in the Nursing Process 2 Nursing Mnemonic (AAPIE)

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Trauma – Assessment (Emergency) Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFGHI)

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Trauma – Complications Nursing Mnemonic (TRAUMATIC)

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Trauma Surgery – Medical History Nursing Mnemonic (AMPLE)

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Triage Nursing Mnemonic (START)

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Walkers Nursing Mnemonic (Wandering Wilma Always Late)

old-carts

OLD CARTS Mnemonic (OLD CARTS)

Fundamentals & Nursing Process Mnemonics

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Anorexia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANOREXIA)

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Appendicitis – Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)

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Bulimia – Signs and Symptoms 1 Nursing Mnemonic (BULIMIA)

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Bulimia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (WASHED)

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Crohn’s Morphology and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CHRISTMAS)

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Cirrhosis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Bring Happy Energy)

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Causes of Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (BAD HITS)

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Diarrhea – Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (BRAT)

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Diverticulitis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Fix His Abscess SOon)

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Epiglottitis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (AIR RAID)

nursing-mnemonics-reflux-is-probably-mean

GERD causes Nursing Mnemonic (Reflux Is Probably Mean)

nursing-mnemonics-her-belly-really-hurts-following-dinner

Hiatal Hernia Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Her Belly Really Hurts Following Dinner)

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Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis Nursing Mnemonic (5-F’s)

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Tracheal Esophageal Fistula – Sign and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 C’s)

Bleeding Complications (Minor) Nursing Mnemonic (BEEP)

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Nursing Mnemonics

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